www.NicoleCavender.com

  home page
  dissertation content
  resume
  work @ the Wilds
  landscaping with
native plants
  email


BIBLIOGRPAHY

Abbot, L., and A. Robson. 1984. The effect of VA mycorrhizae on plant growth. In C. Powell, and D. Bagyaraj (eds.) Mycorrhizae. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Abbott, L., and A. Robson. 1977. The distribution and abundance of vesicular-arbuscular endophytes in some western Australian soils. Australian Journal of Botany 25:515-522.

Allen, E., and M. Allen. 1986. Water relations of xeric grasses in the field: interactions of mycorrhizas and competition. New Phytologist 104:559-571.

Allen, M., and M. Boosalis. 1983. Effects of two species of VA mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of winter wheat. New Phytologist 93:67-76.

Allen, M. 1991. The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge Studies in Ecology series. Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, R., B. Hetrick, and W. Wilson. 1994. Mycorrhizal dependence of Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium in two prairie soils. American Midland Naturalist 132:366-376.

Anderson, R., and A. Liberta. 1992. Influence of supplemental inorganic nutrients on growth, survivorship, and mycorrhizal relationships of Schizachyrium scoparium (Poaceae) grown in fumigated and unfumigated soil. American Journal of Botany 79:406-414.

Anderson, R., and C. Roberts. 1993. Response of isolates of three little bluestem (Schizochyrium scoparium) populations to mycorrhizal fungal inoculum from a single source. Restoration Ecology (1).

Arnold, M., C. Buckner, and J. Robinson. 1991. Pollen mediated introgression and hybrid speciation in Louisiana irises. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 88:1398-1402.

Axelrod, D. I. 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, Central North America. Botanical Review 51:163-201.

Bachmann, K. 1994. Molecular markers in plant ecology. New Phytologist 126:403-418.

Barnes, P. 1986. Variation in the big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)- sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii) complex along a local dune/meadow gradient in the Nebraska sandhills. American Journal of Botany 73(2):172-184.

Barnes, T., and K. Brus. 2001. The two-year prairie. Pheasants Forever; The Journal of Upland Game Conservation 18(3):35. Barrett, S., and J. Kohn. 1991. Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: Implications for conservation. p. 3-30. In D. Falk, and K. Holsinger (eds.) Genetic and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University, New York.

Bever, J., J. Morton, J. Antonovics, and P. Schultz. 1996. Host-dependent sporulation and species diversity of abuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mown grassland. Journal of Ecology 87:71-82.

Borchert, J. R. 1950. The climate of the central North American grassland. Annual Association of American Geographers 40:1-39.

Boren J.C., D. Engle, M. Gregory, R. Master, T. Bidwell, and V. Mast. 1997. Landscape structure and change in a hardwood forest-tall-grass prairie ecotone. Journal of Range Management 50:244-249.

Braun, L. E. 1928. Glacial and post-glacial plant migrations indicated by relic colonies of southern Ohio. Ecology 9:284-302.

Brauner, S., D. Crawford, and T. Stuessy. 1992. Ribosomal DNA and RAPD variation in the rare plant family Lactoridaceae. American Journal of Botany 79:436-439.

Brundrett, M. 1991. Mycorrhizas in natural ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 21:171-313.

Bryson, R. A., D. A. Barreis, and W. M. Wendland. 1970. The character of late-glacial and post-glacial climatic changes. In W. J. Dort, and J. K. Jones (eds.) Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains. University of Kansas Department of Geology, Special Publication 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.

Bussell, J. D. 1999. The distribution of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) diversity amongst populations of Isotoma petraea (Lobeliaceae). Molecular Ecology 8:775-789.

Call, C., and C. McKell. 1982. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae- a natural revegetation strategy for disposed processed oil shale. Reclamation and Revegetation Research 1:337-347.

Carpenter, J. R. 1940. The grassland biome. Ecological Monographs 10:617-684.

Carter, M., G. Manglitz, M. Rethwisch, and K. Vogel. 1988. A seed midge pest of big bluestem. Journal of Range Management 41(3):253-254.

Cochrane, K. 1993. Some factors affecting seed production in Ohio populations of two prairie grasses (Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans). ( Masters thesis). The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Cochrane, T., and H. Iltis. 2000. Atlas of the Wisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora. University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium, Madison, Wisconsin.

Collins, S., and L. Wallace. 1990. Fire in North American Tallgrass Prairies. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

Cox, G., Sanders, and J. Wild. 1995. Ultrastructural evidence relating to host-endophyte transfer in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. In Sanders. F.E., B. Mosse, and P. Tinker (eds.) Endomyocrrhizas. Academic Press, New York, NY.

Curtis, J., and M. Partch. 1950. Some factors affecting flower production in Andropogon gerardii. Ecology 31(3):488-489.

Cusick, A., and R. Troutman. 1978. The prairie survey project, a summary of date to date. Ohio Biological Survey 10:1-60.

Daft, M., and T. Nicolson. 1974. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in plants colonizing coal wastes in Scotland. New Phytologist 73:1129-1138.

Dehne, H. 1982. Interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathology 70:447-452.

Delcourt, P. A., and H. R. Delcourt. 1993. Paleoclimates, paleovegetation, and paleofloras during the Late Quaternary. p. 71-94. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Oxford University Press, New York.

Devos, K., and M. Gale. 1992. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84:160-168.

De Selm, H. 1953. Variation in Andropogon gerardii Vitman and A. scoparius MX. in two Ohio prairie areas. (diss), The Ohio State University, Columus, Ohio.

Dhillion, S. 1991. Host-endopyhte specificity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Oryza sativa L. at the pre-transplant stage in low or high phosphorus soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24(5):405-411.

Dhillion, S., and C. Friese. 1994. The occurance of mycorrhizas in prairies:application to ecological restoration. p. 103-114. In R. Wickett, P. Lewis, A. Woodlithe, and P. Pratt (eds.) The Proceedings of the 13th North American Prairie Conference. The University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada.

Dhillion, S. 1992. Evidence for host-mycorrhizal preference in native grassland species. Mycological Research 96(5):359-362.

Dickman, I., A. Liberta, and R. Anderson. 1984. Ecological interaction of little bluestem and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2272-2277.

Diekelmann, J., and R. Schuster. 1982. Natural Lanscaping; designing with native plant communities. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

Dowling, T., C. Moritz, J. Palmer, and L. Rieseberg. 1996. Nucleic Acids III: analysis of fragments and restriction sites. p. 249-320. In D. Hillis, B. Mable, and C. Moritz (eds.) Molecular systematics, second edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

Doyle, J., and J. Doyle. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13-15.

Dyer, M. I., Detling J. K., D. C. Coleman, and D. W. Hibert. 1982. The role of herbivores in grasslands. p. 255-295. In J. R. Estes, Tyrl R. J., and J. N. Brunken (eds.) Grasses and Grasslands; Systematics and Ecology. Oklahoma University Press, Norman, OK.

Esselman, E. J., L. Jianqiang, D. J. Crawford, J. L. Winduss, and A. D. Wolfe. 1999. Clonal diversity in the rare Calamogrostis porteri ssp. inspeerata (Poaceae): comparitive results for allozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Molecular Ecology 8:443-451.

Evans, D., and M. Miller. 1988. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and the soil-disturbance-induced reduction of nutrient absorption in maize. I. Casual relations. New Phytologist 110:67-74.

Excoffier, L., P. Smouse, and J. Quatro. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitrochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479-491.

Faber, B., R. Zasoski, D. Munns, and K. Shackel. 1991. A method for measuring hyphal nutrient and water uptake in mycorrhizal plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 69:87-94.

Fischer, M., R. Husi, D. Prati, M. Peintinger, M. Van Kleunen, and B. Schmid. 2000. RAPD variation among and within small and large populations of the rare clonal plant Ranunculus reptans (Ranunculaceae). American Journal of Botany 87(8):1128-1137.

Fischer, M., and D. Matthies. 1998. RAPD variation in relation to population size and plant fitness in the rare Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 85(6):811-819.

Fore, S. A., and S. I. Guttman. 1999. Genetic structure of Helianthus occidentalis (Asteraceae) in a preserve with fragmented habitat. American Journal of Botany 86(7):988-995.

Garcia-Mas, J., M. Oliver, and H. Gomez-Paniagua. 2000. Comparing AFLP, RAPD and RFLP markers for measuring genetic diversity in melon. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:860-864.

Gilpin, M., and M. Soule. 1986. Minimum viable populations: Processes of species extinction. p. 19-34. In M. Soule (ed.) Conservation Biology: The science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.

Giovannetti, M., and C. Hepper. 1985. Vesicular-mycorrhizal infection in Hedysarum coronarium and Onobrychus viciaefolia:Host-endophyte specificity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17(6):899-900.

Gleason, H. A. 1913. The relation of forest distribution and prairie fires in the Middle West. Torreya 13:173-181.

Gordon, R. B. 1969. The natural vegetation of Ohio in pioneer days. Bulleton of the Ohio Biological Survey 3(2).

Gustafson, D. J., D. J. Gibson, and D. L. Nickrent. 1999. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among remnant big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) populations from Arkansas' Grand Prairie. Molecular Ecology 8(10):1693-1701.

Hadrys, H., M. Balick, and B. Schierwater. 1992. Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology. Molecular Ecology 1:55-63.

Hamel. C., V. Furlan, and D. Smith. 1991. Nitrogen-fixation and transfer in a field grown mycorrhizal corn and soybean intercrop. Plant and Soil 133:177-185.

Harris, K. 2001. Michigan PF restores native prairie. Pheasants Forever: The Jouranl of Upland Game Conservation 18(3):15.

Harstad, c. 1999. Go Native. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.

Havens, K. 1998. The genetics of plant restoration. Restoration Management Notes 16(1):68-72.

Hays, R., C. Reid, T. St. John, and D. Coleman. 1982. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on blue grama and mycorrhizal infection. Oecologia 54:260-265.

Henderson, R. A. 1982. Vegetation: fire ecology of tallgrass prairie. Natural Areas Journal 2:17-26.

Henkel, T., W. Smith, and M. Christensen. 1989. Infectivity and selectivity of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from contiguous soils in southwestern Wyoming, USA. New Phytologist 112:205-214.

Henry, A., and K. Kosola. 1999. Root age and phosphorus effects on colonization of Andropogon gerardii by mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32(12):1657-1660.

Hetrick, B., D. Daniels, K. Gerschefske, and G. Thompson Wilson. 1988. Mycorrhizal dependence and growth habit of warm-season and cool-season tallgrass prairie plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 66:1376-1380.

Hetrick, B. 1989. Acquisition of phosphorus by VA mycorrhizal fungi and the growth response of their host plants. In C. Boddy, and R. Marchant, Read (eds.) Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur untilization by fungi. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Hetrick, B., and J. Bloom. 1983. Vesicular-arbuscular myocrrhizal fungi associated with native tall grass prairie and cultivated with winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:2140-2146.

Hetrick, B., and J. Bloom. 1986. The influence of host plant production and colonization ability of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. Mycologia 78(1):32-36.

Hetrick, B., J. Hetrick, and J. Bloom. 1984. Interaction of mycorrhizal infection, phosphorus level and moisture stress in growth of field corn. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2267-2271.

Hetrick, B., D. Kitt, and G. Wilson. 1986. The influence of phosphorus ferilization, drought, fungal species and soil microorgansims on mycorrhizal growth response in tallgrass prairie plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:944-963.

Hetrick, B., D. Kitt, and G. Wilson. 1987. Effects of drought stress on growth response in corn, sudan grass, and big bluestem to Glomus etunicatum. New Phytologist 105:403-410.

Hetrick, B., G. Wilson, D. Kitt, and A. Schwab. 1988. Effects of soil microorganisms on mycorrhizal contribution to growth of big bluestem grass in non-sterile soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20(4):501-507.

Hetrick, B., and G. Wilson. 1990. Relationship of native and introduced mycorrhizal fungi to mycorrhizal dependence of Andropogon gerardii and Koeleria Pyranidata. Mycologia 82(6):779-782.

Hetrick, B., G. Wilson, and D. Hartnett. 1989. Relationship between mycorrhizal dependence and competetive ability of two tallgrass prairie grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 67:2608-2615.

Hetrick, B., G. Wilson, and C. Owensby. 1989. Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and fertilization on big bluestem seedling biomass. Journal of Range Management 42(3):213-216.

Holmes, R. 1993. Taylor's guide to natural gardening. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.

Huang, H., F. Dane, and T. L. Kubisiak. 1998. Allozyme and RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity and geographic variation in wild populations of the American Chestnut (Fagaceae). American Journal of Botany 85(7):1013-1021.

Huff, D. 1997. RAPD characterization of heterogeneous perennial ryegrass cultivars. Crop Science 37:557-564.

Huff, D., R. Peakall, and P. Smouse. 1993. RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides (nutt.) Engelm.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86:927-934.

Huff, D., J. Quinn, B. Higgins, and A. Palazzo. 1998. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among native little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx,) Nash) populations from sites of high and low ferility in forest and gassland biomes. Molecular Ecology 7:1591-1597.

Huff, D. R. 1997. RAPD characterization of heterogeneous perennial ryegrass cultivars. Crop Science 37(March/April):557-563.

Jasper, D., L. Abbott, and A. Robson. 1989. Soil disturbance reduces the infectivity of external hyphae of VA mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 112:93-99.

Jensen, A. 1982. Influence of four vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the nutrient uptake and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare). New Phytologist 90:45-50.

Jones, B., and C. Gliddon. 1999. Reproductive biology and genetic structure in Lloydia serotina. Plant Ecology 141:151-161.

Jones, C. 1944. Studies in Ohio Floristics III. Vegetation of Ohio prairies. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71:536-548.

Jordano, P., and J. A. Godoy. 2000. RAPD variation and population genetic structure in Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae), an animal dispersed tree. Molecular Ecology 9:1293-1305.

Keeler, K. 1990. Distrubution of polyploid polymorphism in big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii in the tallgrass prairie region. Genome 33:95-100.

Keeler, K. 1992. Local polyploid variation in the native prairie grass Andropogon gerardii. Amercian Journal of Botany 79:1229-32.

Keeler, K. 1998. Populations biology of intraspecific polyploidy in grasses. p. 183-206. In G. Cheplick (ed.) Population biology of grasses. Cambridge University Press, College of Staten Island, City Univeristy of New York.

Keeler, K., B. Kwankin, P. Barnes, and D. Galbraith. 1987. Polyploid polymorphism in Andropogon gerardii Vitman (Poaceae). Genome 29:374-379.

Keeler, K. H., and G. A. Davis. 1999. Comparision of common cytotypes of Andropogan gerardii (Andropogoneae, Poaceae). American Journal of Botany 86(7):974-979.

Keiper, F. J., and R. McConchie. 2000. An analysis of genetic variation in natural populations of Sticherus flabellatus [R. Br. (St. John)] using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Molecular Ecology 9:571-581. Kitt, D., B. Hetrick, and G. Wilson. 1988. Relationship of soil fertility to suppression of the growth response of mycorrhizal big bluestem in non-sterile soil. New Phytologist 109:473-481.

Klein-Lankhorst, R., A. Vermunt, R. Weide, T. Liharska, and P. Zabel. 1991. Isolation of molecular markers for tomato (L. esculentum) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 83:108-114.

Knapp, Eric E., and K. J. Rice. 1996. Genetic Structure and Gene Flow in Elymus glaucus (blue wildrye): implications for native grassland restoration. Restoration Ecology 4(1):1-10.

Kozlowski, T., and C. Ahlgren. 1974. Fire and Ecosystems. Academic Press, New york.

Krishna, K., K. Shetty, P. Dart, and D. and Andrew. 1985. Genotype dependent variation in mycorrhizal colonization and response to inoculation to pearl millet. Plant and Soil 86:113-125.

Langendoen, D., and P. F. Maycock. 1983. Preliminary observations on the distributions and ecology of tallgrass prairie in southern Ontario. p. 92-97. In R. Brewer (ed.) Procedings of the 8th North American Prairie Conference. Department of Biology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI.

Liu, Z., and G. R. Furnier. 1993. Comparison of allozyme, RFLP, and RAPD markers for revealing genetic variation within and between trembling aspen and bigtooth aspen. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 87:97-105.

Lynch, M., and B. G. Milligan. 1994. Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Molecular Ecology 3:91-99.

McGonigle, T., and A. Futter. 1990. Ecological specificity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Mycological Research 94(1):120-122.

McNaughton, S. J., M. B. Coughenour, and L. L. Wallace. 1982. Interactive processes in grassland ecosystems. p. 167-193. In J. R. Estes, R. J. Tyrl, and J. N. Brunken (eds.) Grasses and Grasslands. Systematics and Ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

Mengistu, L. W., G. W. Mueller-Warrant, and R. E. Barker. 2000. Genetic diversity of Poa annua in western Oregon grass seed crops. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:70-79.

Mengoni, A., C. Gonnelli, F. Galardi, R. Gabbrielli, and M. Bazzicalupo. 2000. Genetic diversity and heavy metal tolerance in populations of Siline paradoxa L. (Caryophyllaceae): a random amplified ploymorphic DNA analysis. Molecular Ecology 9:1319-1324.

Menkir, A., P. Goldsbrough, and G. Ejeta. 1997. RAPD based assessment of genetic diveristy in cultivated races of sorghum. Crop Science 37:564-569.

Mercy, M., G. Shivashanikar, and D. Bagyaraj. 1990. Mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea is host dependent and heritable. Plant and Soil 121:292-294.

Miller, D., P. Domoto, and C. Walker. 1985. Colonization and efficacy of different endomyocrrhizal fungi with apple seedlings at two phosphorus levels. New Phytologist 100:393-402.

Miller, M. 1997. Tools for population genetic analysis (TFPGA) 1.3 : A Windows program of allozyme and molecular population genetic data.

Miller, M. 1998. AMOVA-PREP 1.01. A program for the preparation of AMOVA input files from dominant-marker raw data, Northern Arizona University.

Miller, R., B. Hetrick, and G. Wilson. 1997. Mycorrhizal fungi affect root stele tissue in grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 75:1778-1784.

Moser, L., K. Vogel, R. barnes, D. Miller, and C. Nelson. 1995. Forages, Vol 1. An introduction to grassland agriculture, Fifth edition. Iowa State University Press, Univeristy of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.

Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89:583-590.

Newman, E., and P. Reddell. 1987. The distribution of myocrrhizas among families of vascular plants. New Phytologist 106:745-751.

Newsham, K., A. Fitter, and A. Watkinson. 1995. Arbuscular mycorrhiza protect and annual grass from root pathogenic fungi in the field. Journal of Ecology 83:991-1000.

Norrmann, G., C. Quarin, and K. Keeler. 1997. Evolutionary imiplications of meiotic chromosome behavior, reproductive biology, and hybridization in 6X and 9X cytotypes of Andropogon gerardii (Poaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:201-207.

Porter, W., A. Robson, and L. Abbot. 1987. Field Survey of the distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH. Journal of Applied Ecology 24:659-662.

Powell, C. 1982. Selection of efficient VA mycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil 68:3-9.

Price, M., and N. Waser. 1979. Pollen dispersal and optimal outcrossing in Delphinium nelsonii. Nature 277:294-297.

Reinhardt, D., and R. Miller. 1990. size classes of root diameter and mycorrhizal fungal colonization in two temperate grassland communities. New Phytologist 116:129-136.

Richards, A. 1986. Plant breeding systems. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, England.

Riley, R., and K. Vogel. 1982. Chromosome numbers of released cultivars of switchgrass, indiangrass, big bluestem and sand bluestem. Crop Science 22:1081-1083.

Risser, P. G., E. C. Birney, H. D. Blocker, S. W., W. J. Parton, and J. A. Weins. 1981. The True Prairie Ecosystem. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, Stroudsburg, PA.

Rivers, C., M. Bajwa, A. Liberata, and R. Miller. 1980. Effects of topsoil storage during surface mining on the viability of VA mycorrhiza. Soil Science 129:253-257.

Sampson, F. B., and F. L. Knopf. 1996. Prairie conservation: preserving North America's most endangered ecosystem. Island Press, Washington D.C.

Schenck, N., and G. Smith. 1982. Additional new unreported species of mycorrhizal fungi (Endogonaceae) from Florida. Mycologia(74):77-92.

Schierup, M., and F. Christiansen. 1996. Inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression in plants. Heredity 77:461-468.

Sears, P. B. 1942. Xerothermic theory. Botanical Review 8:709-736.

Sears, P. B. 1926. The natural vegetation of Ohio: II. The prairies. Ohio Journal of Science 26:128-146.

Shirley, S. 1994. Restoring the tallgrass prairie. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Smith, F., and S. Smith. 1996. Mutualism and parasitism: diversity in function and structure in the "arbuscular" (VA) mycorrhizal symbiosis. Advances in Botanical Research 22:1-43.

Smith, J., and T. Pham. 1996. Genetic diversity of the narrow endemic Allium aaseae (Alliaceae). American Journal of Botany 83:717-726.

Smith, J., J. Scott-Craig, J. Leadbetter, G. Bush, D. Roberts, and D. Fulbright. 1994. Characterization of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) products from Xanthomonas campestris and some comments on the use of RAPD products in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3:135-145.

Smith, R. J., and B. Smith, S. 1980. The prairie garden. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.

Snetselaar, K., and L. Tiffany. 1991. A study of Sphacelotheca occidentalis cause of kernel smut of big bluestem. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 98(3):145-152.

Soule, M. E., A. C. Alberts, and D. T. Bolger. 1992. The effects of habitat fragmentation on chaparral plants and verebrates. Oikos 63:39-47.

Stahl, P., and M. Christensen. 1982. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Bouteloua and Agropyron in Wyoming sagebrush graslands. Mycologia 74:877-885.

Stebbins, G. 1975. The role of polyploid complexes in the evolution of North American grasslands. Taxon 24:91-106.

Stein, S. 1994. Noah's garden: restoring the ecology of our own backyards. Houghton Miflin, Boston.

Stewart, J., C. N., and L. Excoffier. 1996. Assessing population genetic structure and variability with RAPD data: application to Vaccinium macrocarpon (american cranberry). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 9:153-171.

Stewart, J., C. Porter, and D. Porter. 1995. RAPD profiling in biological conservation: an application to estimating clonal variation in rare and endangered Iliamna in Virginia. Biological Conservation 74:135-142.

Templeton, A., and E. D. Shaw, S.K. 1990. The genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation. Annuals of Missouri Botanical Garden 77:13-27.

Transeau, E. N. 1930. Precipitation types of the prairie and forested regions of the central states. Annual Association of American Geographers 20:44.

Transeau, E. N. 1905. Forest centers of eastern America. American Naturalist 39:875-889.

Transeau, E. N. 1935. The Prairie Peninsula. Ecology 16:423-437.

Trent, J., A. Svejcar, and G. Bethlenfalvay. 1993. Growth and nutrition of combinations of native and introduced plants and mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid range. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 45:13-23.

Van der Heijden, E., and T. Kuyper. 2001. Does origin of mycorrhizal fungus or mycorrhizal plant influence effectiveness of the mycorrhizal symbiosis? Plant and Soil 230:161-174.

Warner, A., and B. Mosse. 1982. Factors affecting the spread of vesicular mycorrhizal fungi in soil. New Phytologist 90:529-536.

Weaver, J. E. 1954. North American Prairie. Johnson Publishing Company, Lincoln, NE.

Weaver, J. E., and Albertson F. W. 1956. Grasslands of the Great Plains: Their Nature and Use. Johnson Publishing Company, Lincoln, NE.

Williams, J., M. Hanafey, J. Rafalski, and S. Tingey. 1993. Genetic analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Methods in Enzymology 218:704-740.

Williams, J., A. Kubelik, K. Livak, J. Rafalski, and S. Tingey. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18:6531-6535.

Wilson, E., and E. Willis. 1975. Applied biogeography. p. 522-534. In M. Cody, and J. Diamond (eds.) Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Wilson, J. 1992. Landscaping with wildflowers. Houghton Mifflin.

Wolfe, A. D., and A. Liston. 1998. Contributions of PCR-based methods to plant systematics and evolutionary biology. p. 43-86. In d. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, and J. J. Doyle (eds.) Molecular systematics of plants II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell MA.

Wright, H. A., and A. W. Bailey. 1980. Fire Ecology and Prescribed Burning in the Great Plains-A Research Review. U.S.D.A. Forest Service General Technical Report. INT-77. Intermountain Fprest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.

Wright, H. A., and A. W. Bailey. 1982. Fire Ecology; United States and Southern Canada. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto.

Wright, H. E., Jr. 1968. History of the prairie peninsula. p. 78-88. In R. Bergstrom (ed.) The Quaternary of Illinois. A Symposium in Observance of the Centennial of the University of Illinois. Illinois College of Agriculture. Special Publication No. 14.

Young, A., T. Boyle, and B. Tony. 1996. The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:413-418.

Zajicek, J., B. Hetrick, and C. Owensby. 1986. The influence of soil depth on mycorrhizal colonization of forbs in the tallgrass prairie. Mycologia 78(2):316-320.

<< back to dissertation


Email: nicole@nicolecavender.com Copyright © 2002 Nicole Cavender, Ph.D. All rights reserved.